Studia Pastoralne
Rocznik Wydziału Teologicznego UŚ

KATECHUMENAL PRINCIPLES IN THE ACADEMICAL, PASTORAL SERVICE
Political and social changes in Poland are connected with changes in 1989 y. They had a magnificiant influence on changes in actual situation in the Church. They also made possi-ble to work more open and free in the pastoral service. From the other hand they put the church in front of new appeals, also connected with so important pastoral activity as aca-demical pastoral service (APS) in Poland. In the letter Novo millennio ineunte John Paul II calls for swimming out on depth in third millenium (see NMI 58). And this is definetely impossible without sensible realising of catechumen. Source of catechumenal institution is a principle which Tertulian formed classically: Fiunt,non nascuntur christiani. You have to grow christian and it means to create service in such a way as to lead the man towards the adult faith.
In the article we tried to answer on the question: if and how in the academical principle, catechumenal service is present, which is a condition in leding to holliness (see NMI 29-43). Expieriences of Polish academical pastoral services in its institutional shape is mainly connected with three ways of activity. First is connected with between war ethap and it characterises of pastoral service with activity of many associations and academical organi-sations. Second period - real socialism - starts from searching a new shape of completely new service. In its final version it functioned mainly near few churches or parishes, mainly where students used to live in greater number. Guideline of Polish Episkopat for APS from 1953, 1967, 1971 y. Draw on its purpuses taking into account more counciliar vision of Church. Analising that part which mainly ends by changes in 1989 y. one must state that APS was understood as organised service of priest which had on its purpuse endeepening religious life of academical youth. One can say that shape of pastoral service presented in status from 1971 y. which notabene is actual up today is just a constitution of precoucil, individual concept of pastoral service, expressed in words from Vaticanum II. Academical pastoral service after 1989 y. according of project novelised by academical priests - status from 1999 y. for its main purpuse states its building in academical environment - by Jesus Christ Holy Spirit - community in university presented God and being sign of unity be-tween people and God.
New forms of Status anyway have a significant regards towards ecclesiological concep-tion of pastoral service and stressing social - community formation and also including ommiting so far a work of academical pastoral service, which is evangelisation of univer-sity culture. Little modification of particular work of APS connected with accepted model of pastoral service does not show anyway how this process should look like. Purposes are shown but not the way. Of course all different centers APS try to work out this way. But this principle can only be realised first of all where are small formation groups. Looking on conspects from the central ones, catechumenal principle is present. The only problem is that in a big center there are many groups adjusted to many students necessities, taking into account only one part of formation.

MARTYRS AND THE FORGIVENESS OF SINS
In the 2nd and 3rd Centuries a practice developed in the churches of Asia Minor whereby the forgiveness of sins, or ecclesiastical peace, was granted by martyrs. The practice had its origin in the persecutions of Christians. As martyrs participated in the Passion of Christ, and were thus united to Him in a unique way, they were able to uphold those who renounced their faith in the midst of persecutions, welcoming them back to the Church. The peace granted by martyrs was approved by bishops. The practice was also familiar to Tertullian, who, being a Montanist, pointed out that it was generally the "people of the Spirit" who had the power to forgive sins, which included prophets as well as martyrs. Tertullian claimed that the power to forgive sins was not related to the Apostolic succession. The above-described practice was opposed by St. Cyprian of Carthage who, in 250 A.D., following the persecutions under Decius, put penitential practice in order, subordinating it to the power of the bishop.