Studia Pastoralne
Rocznik Wydziału Teologicznego UŚ

RECEPTION OF THE TEACHINGS OF JOHN PAUL II ON THE REDEMPTIVE SENSE OF SUFFERING IN POLISH SERMONS.
Summary
According to teaching of John Paul II looking at a reality of suffering in the perspective of a redemptive work of Jesus Christ is a vital moment which points at an essential correctness in presenting a sense of suffering. This is why it is around this view on the mystery of suffering a merit-related assessment of Polish preaching on the subject should be concentrated. Redemptive events are the basis for understanding a value of suffering which often touch human existence in a painful way.
Thought of John Paul II is harmonious with homilies which try to explain the sense of suffering in the light of the mystery of redemption. A very positive element on preaching is showing a reality of suffering in the light of Christ’s victory that was won in resurrection.
Among negative tendencies visible in the analysed homilies one should mention the fact that some preachers, looking for a sense of suffering in the light of faith, refer to the light that comes from the redemptive events only in a limited way, or show the value and meaning of the cross without their link to a soteriology. A serious weakness of many homilies is underlying the mystery of passion of Christ without its natural connection to the mystery of His resurrection. A certain group of authors cannot see a relation between the truth of a redemptive suffering and the truth of a primeval love of God for men.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN PREACHING THE WORD OF GOD.
Summary
God speaks to a man and at the same time speaks to him through the other person. We are, therefore, within the realm of interpersonal relations. Hence while talking about preaching the Word of God one has to pay attention to circumstances and rules of interaction of the preached Word of God on a listener’s reason, will and emotions as major receptors of the content of the church preaching and at the same time as factors of the act of a personal faith. Such a preaching of the Word of God results from its purpose, securing both the personalistic and ecclesiastical character of the preaching. Therefore in the preaching of the Word of God a vital role is performed by a social community. Experience shows that even a solid intellectual and religious formation does not suffice for a proper shaping of the attitude of faith, if one does not have a proper support in an environment of one’s life. Hence the preaching cannot escape sociological conditions and be restricted only to transmitting an orthodox Christian teaching. Preaching the Gospel in the community of the faithful should be supported and intensified by a communal experience of this church community of faith.

Father Jan Twardy - Curriculum vitae

A PREACHER AS AN AUTHOR OF A HOMILY. Homiletic and legal aspects.
Summary
Prophet of the Highest, Christ`s witness, competent word of God servant – these terms are used to define the preacher in literature. However, homily is understood as the word of God inside preacher`s humane word. From the theological point of view it is the result of specific but also individual preacher`s composition. In present essay, after introduction theological basis of preacher`s mission, homily issues were discussed as the result of creative work and also selected legal aspects related to the homily authorship were mentioned.

HOMO SUPERMERCATUS – A MAJOR MORAL CHALLENGE FOR PREACHING.
Summary
Human is „moral being” regardless of conditions and the times in which he lives. It results from the fact, that human is a person, it means that he is spiritual-corporeal being, someone who is rational and independen. Despite the fact that the man is exposed to McDonaldization, subjected to numerous crises, it should be noted that he is still religious being and occurred processes did not deprive him of religious sense. Human is still sensitive to religious questions, even though he looks very often for answer outside Christianity, which is old – fashioned in media. It is essential challenge not only for preaching but also for whole Christian formation.
A long time ago, Maurice Blondel said, that: „the times are the same like people are”. As it is known people are either moral good or moral bad. Tertium non datur. This also applies to human morality, which today is sometimes labeled as homo supermercatus. An important challenge is consumerist life style of many people, who live most of the time without awareness of development of appropriate hierarchy of values and necessary spiritual needs. These people usually satisfy their material needs without thinking of human dignity and their Christian vocation.
Homo consumens – is a person, who is suspended between gift and commodity. Detailed sociological and psychological analysis give us a lot of arguments about the behavior of present – day human. This man seems to have many features, which indicate that, „he desires to have more”, instead of „to be a human more and more”. Today, principle is known: I consume, therefore I am.
Strong influence of ethical utilitarianism on daily culture of life was noticed long ago. For example – in the book The New Economic Gospel of Consumption, written by E. Cowdrick in 1927, we can find interesting opinion, that we live in times, when people are forced to regular consume of goods and services. It also impinges on assessment of current homiletic thinking.
Author emphasizes, using criteria from ethic of J. Woroniecki, that the human always was and is just jealous, mistrustful, suspicious and first and foremost selfish and very greedy. It causes, that he is a person of many crises, which can be solved effectively by homiletic teaching.
Analyzing behavior, attitudes and basic sources of numerous crisis (identity crisis, family crisis, political crisis, educational crisis etc.) of consumerist human, author develop thought of Marciano Vidal, that this person is a man of „lost ethical home”.
Under the pulpit and before the alter – we do not have today – saying colloquially – „empty people” and „neuter people”. We have deeply hurt people in their humanity. Moreover we have people with many difficulties in faith. There are difficulties arising from human life experience and civilization’s difficulties. It turns out that only Christianity, with its integrity of salvation, is able to help such people effectively.

IL RAPPORTO FRA LA PREDICAZIONE DELLA PAROLA DI DIO E L’INDENTITÀ SACERDOTALE.
Sommario
Ogni sacerdote, grazie al sacramento dell’ordinazione, diventa icona viva del Cristo. Durante la celebrazione liturgica agisce in persona Christi. Grazie al carattere sacramentale che possiede sin dal giorno dell’ordinazione ha un rapporto particolare con Cristo e lo Spirito Santo, partecipando all’unico sacerdozio del Nuovo Testamento, che è quello di Cristo. Tale fatto ha un significato profondo per la vita e la missione delle persone ordinate. L’aspetto partocolare di tale missione, e cioè l’annuncio della parola di Dio, non può essere letta soltanto sul piano di una attività esteriore, bensì scaturisce dal servizio della Chiesa. La predicazione equivale al segno del sacerdozio nuovotestamentale – vissuto e sperimentato. Anzi, la predicazione manifesta l’identità stessa del sacerdote. E’ il motivo, per cui ogni sacerdote-predicatore deve essere cosciente e responsabile della necessità di coniugare ogni giorno la sua vita e il servizio fatto a nome do Cristo e per il bene di tutta la Chiesa, soprattutto deve collaborare alla diffusione della Parola di salvezza. E’ necessario pertanto che ogni sacerdote-predicatore interiorizzi sempre più l’atteggiamento diaconale nel suo quotidiano. Un valido esempio di diaconalità può attongerlo dalla Bibbia, la quale mette in luce il servizio profetico delle persone scelte da Dio. Esse esprimono un grande desiderio di far avvicinare i popoli a Dio; profeti bruciano dello zelo dell’annuncio della Buona Novella, sono pronti a dare la vita per la Parola predicata. E’ chiaro che ogni forma di trascuramento dell’opera della predicazione della verità salvifica fa sempre pensare a una crisi di identità sacerdotale.

Academic achievements of Father Jan Twardy

HERMENEUTICS OF THE WORD OF GOD IN LITURGY.
Summary
Bible and liturgy as sacred texts are basic, although not the only ones, sources of homilies. These sources should be analysed as closely related with one another. Homily, mystagogic in its nature and function, is preaching the mystery of Christ revealed in the Holy Scripture and celebrated in the liturgy. For in „here and now” of the liturgy redemptive events revealed in the Bible are being actualised. To a considerable extent the Bible was written for liturgical purposes. Therefore liturgy is the major exegetic place of the Holy Scripture. A preacher interpreting holy texts should be aware of this mutual intertwining of the Bible and liturgy. Liturgical hermeneutics of the Word of God takes into consideration both a sense and functions of biblical texts within liturgy. To achieve this aim the content of the Bible is compared to the meaning of other biblical texts, euchological texts as well as the meaning of signs and liturgical symbols. The Word of God in liturgy, however, is interpreted above all in the light of the mystery of Christ celebrated in the cult. The redemptive mystery itself receives, on the other hand, deeper light and understanding from the proclaimed Word of God. Hermeneutical technique analyses as well the way biblical texts are distributed within a liturgical year. Attention is drawn on this occasion to the rules of interpretation of the Word of God in liturgy, which are as follows: chrystocentrism, dynamics of acts of the Holy Spirit, ecclesiality, particular needs of listeners.

INVISIBLE FACTORS OF INTERACTION AT THE PULPIT. Context for the preacher.
Summary
In his article the author points at a triple context in which preaching takes place and to which a special attention should therefore be drawn. In the process of preaching an important role is played by a social-and-ecclesial as well as media environment, personal factors of a preacher and an attitude of listeners to whom preaching is addressed. When it comes to issues affecting environment, the author analyses opinions obtained while diagnosing a cultural heritage, impact of mass-media on language as well as internal Church aspects. A preacher should, according to the author, have the following skills: ability of a matter-of-fact attitude towards life problems, ability to deal with methodology issues, richness of personality features, ability to deal with institutional issues. A preacher with the above mentioned skills will be able to come to terms with a temptation of activism, idealising many issues and use of methods based on fear.

PFR. PROF. STANISŁAW GRZYBEK ALS GRÜNDER DER BIBLISCHEN SCHULE DES PREDIGENS.
Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel präsentiert Pfr. Prof. Stanisław Grzybek als Biblisten und Homileten. Er schuf seine eigene biblisch- homiletische Schule. Indem er Wissenschaftler blieb, konnte er in die Seelsorge sein Wissen und wissenschaftliche Erfahrung bringen. Professor Grzybek war auch pädagogisch talentiert, deshalb übermittelten viele seiner Absolventen später den anderen ihr erworbenes Bibelwissen. Die besten Werke des Professors erfreuten sich bis heute der Popularität sowohl unter den Biblisten, als auch unter den Seelsorgern.