Studia Pastoralne
Rocznik Wydziału Teologicznego UŚ

Jean Paul Sartre and Karl Rahner in existential dispute about the nature of freedom
Summary
The first half of the eighties of the twentieth century is associated in history with the death of two great figures of contemporary philosophy and theology: Jean Paul Sartre – a leading representative of French existentialism and Karl Rahner – the author of transcendentally oriented existential theology. Both thinkers exerted a huge influence on the philosophical and theological reflection of their era. Taking as their starting point the necessity of the human freedom, they come to the different conclusions about the nature of man, the status of the subjectivity and the meaning of human destiny. Sartre joined the absurdity of freedom with nothingness and awe. Rahner saw in it a gift of hope and revelation of the Absolute. How could they come to such different conclusions? What made, that despite a similar starting point, their understanding of freedom is so different? This article reconstructs and compares the main lines of reasoning of both thinkers. It also attempts to answer, what is the reason of their different approach to the problem of freedom.

DAS LEBEN MIT SORGE UMFASSEN IN DER TAT DES HOFFNUNGSVERTIEFENS AUF DEN ZEITGENÖSSISCHEN AREOPAGEU

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREEDOM AND TRUTH
Summary
The article is a philosophical-theological reflection on the relationship between freedom and truth. The author, using familiar texts as a background, especially documents of contemporary Popes, presents original and personal thoughts on the topic. The author attempts to assert that an honest attitude towards truth is a condition of freedom.

DER HEILIGE GEIST UND DIE MORALLEHRE DES HL. PAULUS.
Zusammenfassung
Seit vielen Jahren sieht man Bemühungen der Theologen um eine Erneuerung der katholischen Morallehre. Die Erneuerung der Moraltheologie ist mit der Heiligen Schrift stark verbunden. Die Bibel soll die Seele der Moraltheologie sein - wie man in den Dokumenten des II. Vatikanischen Konzil liest. Eine besondere Rolle in der Vervollkommnung der Morallehre kommt dem Studium über die Aussagen des hl. Paulus zu. Er ist überzeugt, dass das moralische Gute eine Frucht des Heiligen Geistes ist. So ist es mit der Liebe, mit der Freiheit und mit allen Werten.
Für den Apostel Paulus ist es ganz klar, dass die ethische Handlung eine Frucht des Glaubens ist. Das Dogma und die Wirkung bleiben einig. Der Mensch soll offen sein, das Licht des Heiligen Geistes anzunehmen.
Schlüsselwörter: Freiheit, Heilige Geist, Liebe, Moraltheologieeihe

EHE UND FAMILIE UND DIE WANDLUNGEN IN DER KULTUR VON HEUTE.
Zusammenfassung
Der heutige Mensch, der die christliche Ehe- und Familienberufung verwirklicht, steht vor einer Wahl. Die Wandlungen, die sich in der Kultur vollzogen haben, zwingen, damit der Mensch Werte auswählt. Die traditionelle Kultur bietet das Modell der Ehe und der Familie an, das nicht von allen in der christlichen Welt Großgezogen akzeptiert wird. In der heutigen Kultur hat Bedeutung anderes Wertesystem. Es bieten Anti-Werte an als Alternative zu der christlichen Moral. Die Kämpfe um das christliche Modell des Lebens heißen Kultur des Lebens, in die konträren Anstrengungen Kultur des Todes.
Die jungen Menschen müssen – wollend, nicht wollend – eine Wahl vollbringen. Die Kirche steht vor einer Herausforderung, wie den jungen Leuten helfen, so dass sie – in der Welt der Kultur des Lebens und der Kultur des Todes lebend – die richtige Wahl vollbringen.

Does Poland need today the Truth about Freedom and Liberation as proclaimed by father Franciszek Blachnicki
Summary
The truth about freedom and liberation is constantly threatened by a false notion of freedom and an erroneous assumption that freedom is to be found only where there is no external compulsion. According to Father Blachnicki, real freedom is born out of an internal overcoming of a hatred that makes one use violence and abuse as means to an end. Using the Gospel as the starting point he would promote the fight for liberation without violence, using the power of faith, that allows one to give testimony to the truth in every situation. He was of the opinion that actions aimed at the liberation of man should be seen as continuations of the salvific mission of Christ.
In the face of alarming liberal attitudes that reject God’s rules in the name of incorrectly understood democracy it is worthwhile to bring to mind Father Blachnicki’s thesis that it is freedom that leads to liberation, not the other way round. For freedom is not a simple effect of liberation, and external liberation in itself does not guarantee the experiencing of internal freedom.
Thus at the bottom of this pro-liberation pursuit there is an internal liberation which is liberation of man within man carried out in the process of formation of new man. Ultimately freedom is not an ability to do anything, but it is freedom towards Good which is the source of happiness. Man becomes free up to the point of his recognition of the truth and his will is driven by freedom.
Theology of liberation presented by father Blachnicki is the application of theol¬ogy of redemption to solving specific manifestations of enslavement among people of the contemporary era.

THEOLOGIA BENEDICTA VERSUS NAZISM AND COMMUNISM. PASTORAL-, HISTORIC- AND POLITICAL ASPECT
Summary
The way J. Ratzinger/Benedict XVI addresses the issues of communism and Nazism in his works leads to the very essence of the problem, which is shown as a bigger one and – unfortunately – more long-lasting than the 20th century faces of these two ideologies. He emphasises the fundamental, crucial relationship between these concepts (simultaneously constituting political systems) and atheism, negation of God, both in the spheres of faith and ethos. Metaphysical aspirations of men, distorted by absence of God, are diabolically deformed and, finally – in their mutated version, deluding by national-, social- and economic Utopia – assume the forms of cruel, totalitarian systems of power and violence, directed against men. Within the closed circle of history and matter driven by the power of mind independent of the objective (God’s) truth, today it also proves impossible to make the world better with no conversion, i.e. without ensuring the right place for God in individual and public life, unless God is perceived as the Lord of the whole history who can give future and hope to men.