ŚLĄSKIE STUDIA HISTORYCZNO-TEOLOGICZNE

Ein Postulat der hermeneutischen Notwendigkeit der Relation „Wissenschaften – Theologie“. Zusammenfassung
Im XXI. Jahrhundert befassen sich mit der Problematik Fides et Ratio auch Vertreter der Naturwissenschaften. Der Grundsatz des Hl. Anselm von Canterbury ist immer noch einer aktuelle Herausforderung an die Theologie. Das Vernunftelement, das dem Glauben zugeordnet ist, den Glaube auch sucht, ist gegenwärtig nicht so deutlich, wie es früher war, nur und ausschließlich in der Philosophie präsent. Gegenwärtig beeinflusst dieses Element den Glauben von den unterschiedlichen Bereichen der allgemein dominierenden Naturwissenschaften her.
Die im Haupttitel verwendete Formulierung „hermeneutischen Notwendigkeit der Relation „Wissenschaften – T heologie“ stammt aus dem Buch von Professor Jerzy Cudy (Social-praktisches Glaubwürdigkeitskriterium des geoffenbarten Sinnes der Geschichte). Das Ziel der Überlegungen ist die Analyse eines Postulates der hermeneutischen Notwendigkeit der Relation „Wissenschaften – Theologie“ auf dem Beispiel der Relation zwischen Theologie und Naturwissenschaften. Das Verfahren bewegt sich in drei Schritten: zuerst werden die Modelle des Verhältnisses zwischen Wissenschaften (Naturwissenschaften) und Theologie nach der Typologie von I. Barbour dargestellt (1); dann wird auf einige Gefährdungen des Unabhängigkeitsmodell im Bezug auf K. Barth hingewiesen (2); die päpstliche Antwort auf diese Gefährdung in einer Form der Weiterentwicklung des Postulates (3). Zum Abschluss wird die interdisziplinäre Kooperation im Bezug ihrer Nützlichkeit bei der Bildung eine integrale Vision der Wirklichkeit erklärt.

Franz Michel Willam’s interpretation of John Henry Newman’s philosophy
The main aim of the article is to put forward the interpretation of Newman’s philosophy according to F.M. Willam. In order to study the paper, the following steps were taken: firstly, Willam’s method of research was shown in which he concentrated on the difference between deductive and reductive reasoning. Secondly, the terms epagoge and probability was analysed in a Newman’s thought. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of Willam’s interpretation were considered.

Teologia - Ermeneutica - Antropologia
La definizione che postula l'iscrizione della "autocomprensione" nel concetto dell'identita dell'uomo (Fides et ratio, 1) coincide con le tesi antropologico-ontiche dell'ermeneutica del sec. XX. Né la riflessione scientifica, né quella filosofica dispongono di una "definitiva" risposta alla domanda "Chi e l'uomo?". Accedendo alla rivelata spiegazione dell'identita dell'uomo ("l'identita narrativa"), la teologia intravede in questa spiegazione una "teoria della prassi", in cui la problematica dell'identita dell'uomo diventa una problematica della "promessa" e "compito". L'atteggiamento prosociale dell'uomo consiste nella fiducia in questa teoria.

Theophylact’s Reasons for The Explanation to the Gospel of Mark
In ancient times the Gospel of Mark was understood to be summarized version of the first Gospel – the Gospel of Matthew. Because of that the Fathers of the Church limited to commentaries on the longer Gospel. Theophylact of Ohrid, was the first to write an explanation of the Gospel of Mark in Greek, after he had commented the First Gospel. The Preface to this explanation shows the reasons for explaining these Gospels separately. The Bishop of Ohrid refers to the biblical visions of four creatures (Eze 1:5-6.10; Rev 4:6-7). The symbols of the creatures, according to him, indicate the various contents of the Gospels, which require distinct commentaries

On implicated theological hermeneutics of Anselm of Canterbury. Summary
The subject of analysis is the problem of faith understanding presented by Anselm. The analysis refers to contemporary presentation of understanding as a set in motion process shut in a “parts - integrity” circle. The analysis allows to grasp the character of his reasoning without imposing that type of mental structure on Anselm: it allows to recognize the priority of the integrity in it. In this context, understanding of faith appears as capturing its integrity by logical inscribing of it (faith) in universal “ratio” – the basic of reality.

Newest Canons of/in the Interpretation of the Origins of Christianity
The modern Biblical hermeneutics did not appreciate sufficiently the meaning of the canon for the interpretation of the texts within its limits. There were two dominant tendencies: one pointing toward to reconstruct oral and written traditions in their most primitive form and one extending the range of the fonts beyond the limits fixed by the canon. The postmodern critique has demonstrated that the supposed neutrality of these two kinds of approach is really only in appearance. Every text should be interpreted in the network of relationships with the group of other texts which is defined by the reader. The impossibility to ignore this perspective means that each interpretation involves the existence of a canon.

Truth and Freedom in Modern Theological Hermeneutics. Arguments of Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI
Having been distorted since modern times, the notions of truth and freedom have been radically juxtaposed in post-modern world views, consequently resulting in losing the very values: the truth is questioned, while freedom is deter-mined and limited by worldly purposes. Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI shows that the terms are, de facto, theologically important (theological hermeneutics), i.e. they may be fully and properly understood from the heart of Christian faith. God is the right guarantor of the truth (involving the existence of the objective and judicious reality) and the embodiment of god’s son, logos, is the ultimate argument for its attainability and cognizability. When Jesus confessed: ‘I am the truth’ (John, 14.6), he convinces that the truth is universal and belongs to god. Thereby, it remains universally binding – it is the appropriate basis of ethos. The truth constitutes the key to interpret reality and a superior (independent) criterion for its arrangement (also in the social and political sense). Thus, the task of Christianity and theology is to restore the proper, Christological understanding of truth and freedom for the world, as well as their inseparable, redemptive relationship: ‘the truth will set you free’ (John, 8.32).

Canonical Exegesis and the Analogy of Faith According to Joseph Ratzinger (Benedict XVI)
The Second Vatican Council in the Dogmatic Constitution Dei Verbum provided exegetic guidelines on the interpretation of the Scripture. Post-council exegesis focused mainly on the historical-critical method which analyses the human dimension of the Holy Scripture. Therefore, Benedict XVI reminded of the necessity of using theological principles in the exegesis and showed their indepth theological basis. The hermeneutics of faith postulated by the pope includes three criteria that allow to grasp the divine dimension of the Bible; two of them were discussed in this article. “Canonical exegesis” takes into consideration the unity of the Holy Scripture, while the “analogy of faith” enables the believing exegete to interpret properly the text written by the believing author. The article also deals with Joseph Ratzinger’s (Benedict XVI’s) comprehension of the Revelation, as well as the differences between the Revelation and the Holy Scripture. It is hermeneutics of faith that enables one to rise above the “letter” and reach the “spirit” of the inspired texts